The 23 October 2004, Chuetsu earthquake, Niigata, Japan, was associated with significant damage to houses and roads due to earthquake-induced landslides in residential areas developed on reclaimed land. Typically, the fill slopes experiencing failure during the earthquake were retained by gravity walls. At present, remediation works are being undertaken in the affected areas, and the effectiveness of a solution involving earthquake retrofitting of gravity retaining walls using ground anchors is investigated.
